Bonfire Basic Skill
Explains the mechanism of bonfire, how to make a fire bed and how to bonfire according to the conditions.
Mechanism
First, let's review the combustion mechanism.
In the world of firefighting, there is a word called fire triangle. The three elements of "heat, fuel, oxygen" are shown in a triangular diagram, and fire fighters seem to remove any one of these three elements to extinguish a fire.
"The heat heats the fuel, the combustible gas that is generated combines with oxygen, burns to generate heat, and heats the fuel..." It's burning in a chain reaction. Mela Mela
In other words, even if any one of these three factors is lost, or if the proportion of the triangle is biased, the fire will go out.
I think that there are two things that are particularly common when using a bonfire: the amount of firewood is too much fuel, or the heat is insufficient to produce combustible gas.
I think that there are many phenomena that you can see things that are left alone just burning the surface of the log to burn it, or the flame does not rise in the fire condition.
It is because oxygen is sent that makes a flame when you blow it with a fire stick, but it is largely due to the increase in heat of the firewood. So when you stop blowing, the heat is taken away by the outside air and the flame gradually disappears.
Making a furnace with stones in case of an open fire is also because the heat is not taken away from the heat storage and the outside air and the fire is not extinguished.
The reason for the excess fuel is that the firewood is large, so the big fire should be put in order from small branches such as "twigs → branches → chopped firewood" to increase the firepower. From.
When the heat is insufficient, it is recommended to burn the twigs that are easily burned to increase the amount of heat.
Also, if you keep the bonfire for a while, the firewood will be scattered and the heat will be scattered, so let's collect it in one point regularly so that the heat warms the heat.
You need to be careful when using raw wood. There are various things such as the amount of water, so it's "thin but not burnable" or "thick but reasonably good fire".
Although the flame may not go up due to lack of oxygen, it is usually the shape of the bonfire and how to assemble the firewood, so I think it is enough to pay attention to it.
By the way, a bonfire that is easy to take in oxygen easily releases heat, and a bonfire that easily stores heat is prone to lack of oxygen.
The most powerful type is the one that easily takes in oxygen, and the stable one is the one that easily stores heat.
*It is a fire triangle, but recently it seems that the word tetrahedron (tetrahedron), which also incorporates chemical reactions into the three elements, is changing into words.
About firewood wood/firewood See also the page.
Look at the page of wood and firewood and the page of bonfire with raw wood
Suitable place
When choosing a bonfire, it's important to choose a place. It doesn't mean that the fire won't go up, but it is often inconvenient. Even if it says
, it doesn't affect so much in places such as campsites where tents are set up.
The following is the one I saw in the survival book.
- A place not exposed to the wind
- A convenient place from the shelter
- A place where you can get fuel such as wood
Basically, decide where to use the bonfire. Whether to surround it with everyone, use it for cooking, keep warm, use it as a light source, etc.
In the first place, "The place where the wind doesn't hit," the direction of the tent should be noted. When you open a bonfire, you should do it on the entrance side of the tent, so if the entrance of the tent is downwind, the inside of the tent will be smoked, but the smoke from the bonfire may make you unable to open your eyes.
If there is an object that will become a wall, it is safer to have a bonfire near it because the sparks are less likely to fly.
In addition to the above three points, I would like to personally add A place where there is no fuel on the ground or in the range of influence of sparks ..
For example, a place full of fallen leaves, a lawn, or a place where dry grass is growing around. In outdoor activities such as camping, there is a chance that "what if" can happen, so it's possible that "a spark ignites a fallen leaf in a distant place."
It depends on the size of the sparks and the condition of the wind, but the distance that the sparks fly is about 50m to 200m.
It seems that it flew 2 km in strong winds. Kuwabara Kuwabara
In bad weather
Bonfire can be done normally if measures are taken during rain or snow or immediately after stopping.
First of all, it is a place to set a bonfire, but the first is "a place with a roof". It's a place under a bridge or a tree instead of a roof.
If you don't have a roof, "a place where you can build stones". If you spread stones on the fire bed to prevent the ground from getting wet, you do not have to worry about getting wet! Even if it's wet, flip it over and you'll get a dry surface!
When there is no stone, it is "digging the soil". In most rain and snow, if you dig 5 cm, dry soil will come out, so let's use it as a fire bed. Let's catch the falling rain by digging a groove around the fire bed.
If the wood to be used as firewood is wet, scrape the surface with a knife such as a knife, or split it with an ax or button to expose the dry surface and it will burn without problems. If the firepower of the bonfire rises, it will burn even if it is wet, or you can put firewood around the bonfire to dry the surface.
The point is to use a lot of thin branches. Use a knife to scrape the surfaces of twigs and thin firewood that are used for burning, and then use middle-sized firewood to put it in front of thick firewood.
When it's raining so much that it doesn't catch fire, make a stone stove and then put grass and twigs on the stove to make a simple rain avoidance. I give you.
On the grass
When you're on the lawn, you can flip through the soil and use it as a fire bed. It is polite to leave the turf that has turned over close to it while keeping its shape, and to return the turf as it is after the bonfire ends.
At this time, be sure to remove the heat from the ground before returning it.
Of course it's not good for turf, so it's a storm of criticism. So keep order. If you do it in a place where people manage it, it can be very difficult.
I will put it on Youtube. The withdrawal scene is from 23:21.
Making a fire bed
This is also a very important item for a bonfire. When using a bonfire, it may not matter much unless it is a low type.
Size
The size of the fire bed depends on how you use it, but it's best to have your hands open. Is it about 30 cm to 50 cm? Personally, I like it to be small, so I'm making it from 20 cm to 30 cm.
If you make it too big, the heat will be dispersed and the heat storage will decrease, and if you try to burn enough bonfire, it will consume a lot of firewood and will be a poor fuel economy.
Drill a hole
First of all, "digging a hole" is often seen in an open fire. This has the effect of storing heat and windproof with the stone furnace explained above, but I often see people just digging holes in the dark clouds but it is useless.
Carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide generated when burning things are heavier than air and collect at the bottom of the hole and are covered with a wall around it, which also hinders intake, and if you just dig a hole, it burns It only interferes with.
The following three points are important when digging a hole.
- Slope
- Fire on the hole
- Burn a lot of firewood
Slope
This is because the wall of the fire is slanted and one side of the wall disappears and air is taken in well To be
While taking in air, it also has a good effect of storing heat and preventing wind, but be careful as water easily enters with the wind and is weak against rain.
Make a fire on the hole
This is because oxygen deficiency and carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide accumulate To prevent this, a method of passing thick fireproof or wet firewood over the hole like a bridge and setting a bonfire on it. You can put a 100-mesh net on top of the holes, or grooves instead of holes.
It becomes a fire-resistant fire that can take in air from the holes by the rising stream of heat. However, if you do not make a stone furnace, it will not be a heat storage and windbreak.
Burn a lot of firewood
This is how to use holes, but burn a lot of firewood and ash holes It's a size that can be ignited immediately by digging up in the morning or noon if you put it in ash before going to bed. It's used as a hearth.
Make a furnace
Kamado-chan, a stone who has been mentioned many times. A stone furnace that arranges stones of the same height around the fire bed to store heat, windbreak, and become a foot of Gotoku.
In the case of a large furnace that is surrounded by a group, you can enclose all the stones with one stone, but the basic idea is to make an air intake with a U shape.
A thick fallen tree can be used instead of stone. It rarely burns but burns.
Fire up
Ignite the fire with crater.
At this time, it is important to prepare a crater and burning and secure the amount. ..
For dry firewood, you can cut it into small pieces by feathering or use a feather stick, but if you want to pick up firewood and start a bonfire, prepare 3-5 different types of bonfire or firewood, and start from a small branch. Burn it in order and gradually increase the heat power to ignite thick firewood.
Because it can be used when the fire power becomes weaker on the way, you can prepare as much as you want.
If you use a crater that does not extinguish the fire, such as an igniter, it will burn firmly even if you burn the firewood all at once so that the branches become thicker as you go up ..
There is also a way to put thick firewood on the fire bed and place the crater on it. With this method, the firewood on the fire bed will be naturally ignited, so it is convenient when making a bonfire.
Click here for main ignition tools
- lighter
- match
- flint lighter
- fire starter
- flint
Writer match
Writers and matches are a staple. The match is coated with wax to make it waterproof and easy to set fire even on rainy days, so it is convenient to keep it in a bag with newspaper. Matagi's way.
Flint lighter
A flint lighter is a product like the ignition part of a Zippo or lighter.
Unlike fire starters and flint stones, one flint lighter can be used for ignition and there is no remaining number of ammunition like lighters and matches. (Although flint decreases)
Fire starter
The fire starter is a rod-shaped object made of iron, cerium, magnesium, etc., which is a striker that scatters sparks by rubbing it with a plate-shaped object. You can also use a knife instead of a striker. And there are many names.
Fire starters, fire steel, ferrocerium rods, Metal match, flint rods, flint, etc. Is the official name Ferrocerium rod? I don't know.
flints
Ignition tool that scatters sparks by hitting a flint on a flint stone.
The flint is made of carbon steel, and the flint is hard rock such as chert or obsidian. Stones can be picked up in rivers and mountains.
When using flint, the most flammable materials such as charcloth and paper are required.
Bonfire platform
There are many types of bonfires, each with different strengths and purposes, so finding a bonfire that suits you is one of the pleasures of camping.
Let's enjoy the bonfire that was on the bonfire stand, such as compact and convenient ones, those suitable for cooking, those suitable for enjoying the fire.
Please also refer to the comparison tool that has more than 130 bonfires.
Great for watching bonfires
Because there are no Gotoku by default, it takes some effort to cook it, but it's a bonfire that's perfect for raising fire and burning a bonfire.
The bonfire itself is also large and tall, and many are box-shaped.
Because there are many things that are more concerned with the appearance than the storability, the photograph is also perfect.
Compact and any kind of firewood is a little child of tea
A bonfire that has good storability, is lightweight and compact, but has a large fire bed and is suitable for any type of firewood. Since it has an open structure with no walls, it may fall to the ground if the firewood collapses.
Many things are focused on the storability, so it seems that each company's ingenuity in the assembly, but there are many things with low durability, and the fire bed is close to a consumable item.
Being short, it is recommended for solo camps where convenience is required.
Cooking is good
A bonfire that is supposed to be cooked, with options and options. There are many things that have been carefully considered for the intake efficiency, and the charcoal is also Ochano Kosai.
Perfect for solo camp
A Hollywood-class bonfire that is handy in size, can be compactly stored, and can be used for cooking.
Although there is a sense of dexterity, there are so many different types that you can choose. I want to choose a fire basin that looks great, is compact, lightweight, and has a functional aspect.
Because there are many boxes and small fire beds, you cannot put in the wood without cutting the wood into small pieces.
Variety
A bonfire specializing in originality that sets it apart from other bonfires.
It seems to be inconvenient, but beyond the inconvenience, satisfaction awaits. I need to love the bonfire.
This may be helpful for the material of the bonfire.